c1 · expert-consultation

C1 Expert-Consultation Part 4: Expert Consultation

Lesson 104 of 10 in this unit.

📖 Reading Passage

Native audio

Cities can run five degrees hotter than surrounding fields: asphalt stores the day’s heat and releases it all night. The fix is a patchwork. Paris paints roofs silver to reflect sunlight; Medellín strings green corridors of trees along concrete channels, cooling nearby streets by three degrees. Permeable pavements let rain sink instead of flood, while ponds and fountains chill the air through evaporation. Critics warn greening raises rents, pushing out the residents heat policy should protect. Planners answer with rules tying new parks to affordable housing. Cooling a city, they argue, is less an engineering project than a social contract written in shade. Heat is also distributed unevenly. Within a single city, temperatures can differ by seven degrees between a leafy avenue and a bare industrial yard, and the hottest districts are usually the poorest, with less tree cover and more traffic. Public health records mirror the geography: during heatwaves, emergency admissions rise fastest in those neighbourhoods. Remedies that treat shading as infrastructure rather than decoration reach them first, which is why some cities map heat block by block before deciding where to plant. Night-time temperatures matter most, because bodies need recovery; a district that stays warm after dark produces worse outcomes than one that merely peaks high at noon. Measuring the problem is the first step toward cooling it fairly.

📘 Vocabulary

20 words from this lesson

lump: Something that protrudes, sticks out, or sticks together; a cluster or blob; a mound or mass of no particular shape.; “They discussed lump during the lesson.”
macro: Very large in scale or scope.; “They discussed macro during the lesson.”
mag: To steal.; “I take five kinds of magazines every month.”
magistrate: A judicial officer with limited authority to administer and enforce the law. A magistrate's court may have jurisdiction in civil or criminal cases, or both.; “They discussed magistrate during the lesson.”
marginal: Of, relating to, or located at or near a margin or edge; also figurative usages of location and margin (edge).; “They discussed marginal during the lesson.”
masculine: Of or pertaining to the male gender.; “They discussed masculine during the lesson.”
milestone: A stone milepost (or by extension in other materials), one of a series of numbered markers placed along a road at regular intervals, typically at the side of the road or in a median.; “They discussed milestone during the lesson.”
mug: A large cup for beverages, usually having a handle and used without a saucer.; “They discussed mug during the lesson.”
rumored: Widely reported without strong evidence.; “A few minor mistakes apart, your writing is good.”
ned: A person, usually a youth, of low social standing and education, with a violent disposition and a particular style of dress (typically sportswear or Burberry), speech and behaviour.; “University education is designed to expand your knowledge.”
ninety: The cardinal number occurring after eighty-nine and before ninety-one, represented in Roman numerals as XC and in Arabic numerals as 90.; “They discussed ninety during the lesson.”
observatory: A place where stars, planets and other celestial bodies are observed, usually through a telescope; also place for observing meteorological or other natural phenomena.; “They discussed observatory during the lesson.”
oi: An exclamation of 'oi'.; “They discussed oi during the lesson.”
outdoors: Not inside a house or under covered structure; unprotected; in the open air.; “They discussed outdoors during the lesson.”
pedestrian: Of or intended for those who are walking.; “They discussed pedestrian during the lesson.”
penetration: The act of penetrating something.; “They discussed penetration during the lesson.”
pod: A self-contained unit, container, or enclosure that holds, protects, or transports something.; “They discussed pod during the lesson.”
posing: The act by which something is posed.; “They discussed posing during the lesson.”
predator: Any animal or other organism that hunts and kills other nonplant organisms (their prey), primarily for food.; “They discussed predator during the lesson.”
preferably: In preference; by choice; in a preferable manner.; “They discussed preferably during the lesson.”

📐 Grammar Notes

This lesson practices clear paragraph structure: one main idea per paragraph, stated first, supported with two concrete details, and closed with a linking sentence. Prefer active verbs and precise nouns. Connect ideas with however for contrast, furthermore for addition, and therefore for consequence. Keep sentences under twenty-five words so each claim stays traceable to its evidence. Practice by labeling each sentence in the reading: underline the main verb, circle the time marker, and check that every they and it points to a named noun. Rewrite any three sentences in your own words while keeping tense and meaning intact. Theme: expert consultation. Reading: Cooling the Hot City.

Practice Exercises

Work through each exercise to complete this lesson.

I'd like to have my blood exami___.

I prefer g___ng on foot to going by bus.

What does 'lump' mean?

What does 'macro' mean?

What does 'mag' mean?

What does 'magistrate' mean?

What does 'marginal' mean?

What does 'masculine' mean?

Write a sentence using 'lump'.

Summarize the passage in two sentences.

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