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Tenses

Present Perfect

Past action with a present result, or an unfinished period.

Explanation

Form it with have or has plus the past participle. Choose it when the time is unknown, when the period is still open (today, this year, ever), or when a past action explains the present. It never combines with finished time expressions such as yesterday.

Examples

I have finished the report, so we can send it.
She has lived in Lisbon for six years.
Have you ever tried snorkelling?

Common mistakes

I have seen him yesterday.
I saw him yesterday.
Finished time takes the past simple.
I am living here since 2020.
I have lived here since 2020.
An unfinished period takes the perfect.
She has went home.
She has gone home.
The perfect needs the past participle.

More Tenses

Past Perfect Continuous

Ongoing past action leading up to another past event.

Used To and Would for Past Habits

Past habits and states that are no longer true.

Choosing Tenses in a Narrative

Mixing past simple, past continuous and past perfect.

Present Simple

Facts, habits and timetables.

Present Continuous

Actions happening now or around now.