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Grammar reference

Academic Discourse

Cohesion Beyond Connectors

Reference, repetition and parallel structure.

c1

Explanation

Cohesion comes from more than connectors. Repeating a key term, using pronouns with clear antecedents, keeping the given-new order of information, and echoing grammatical structure all bind a text together. Connectors alone produce a text that lists points rather than builds an argument.

Examples

  • The first trial failed. That failure shaped the second design.
  • Renewable capacity grew. Grid capacity did not.
  • Not only was the sample small; the period was short.

Common mistakes

  • The first trial failed. This shaped the second.

    The first trial failed. That failure shaped the second design.

    A vague pronoun weakens the link.

  • The study was small. The study was short. The study was cheap.

    Vary the linking so repetition carries a purpose.

    Mechanical repetition reads as padding.

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