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Grammar reference

Word Order

Cleft and Cleft-Like Sentences

Moving the focus with it and what.

c2

Explanation

A cleft sentence splits one clause into two to highlight a particular element. It plus be plus the focus plus a relative clause highlights the subject or adverbial, while what plus be highlights a whole idea. Overusing them weakens academic prose.

Examples

  • It was the delay that caused the loss.
  • What we need is a clearer brief.
  • It is in the third chapter that the argument turns.

Common mistakes

  • It was the delay caused the loss.

    It was the delay that caused the loss.

    The cleft needs a relative clause.

  • What we need a clearer brief.

    What we need is a clearer brief.

    What plus be needs is.

  • It is in the third chapter the argument turns.

    It is in the third chapter that the argument turns.

    Keep the connective.

More Word Order